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In ancient Roman religion and law, the sacramentum was an oath or vow that rendered the swearer sacer, "given to the gods," in the negative sense if he violated it. [1] Sacramentum also referred to a thing that was pledged as a sacred bond , and consequently forfeit if the oath were violated. [ 2 ]
Sancus was the god who protected oaths of marriage, hospitality, law, commerce, and particularly formal contracts.Some of the oaths said at the moment of signing a contract – or other important civil promissory acts – named Sancus as guarantor, and called on him to protect and guard over the honour and integrity of the signatories' pledges.
Juror's oath, an oath taken by jurors at the beginning of jury selection or trial; Pauper's oath, a sworn statement or oath by a person that he or she is completely without any money or property. Military oath, delivered on enlistment into the military service of the state military. Decisory oath, an oath that conclusively resolves a factual ...
During the Roman Republic, and the subsequent Principate, it was regarded as the second highest military decoration a citizen could aspire to (the Grass Crown being held in higher regard) and was rewarded for saving the lives of fellow Roman citizens (cives) or for standing one's ground in war.
Sacramentum is a Latin word meaning "oath" and later "sacrament," and may refer to : Sacramentum (oath), a Roman oath; Sacramentum caritatis, a post-synodal apostolic exhortation published in 2007; Sacramentum Poenitentiae, an apostolic constitution published by Pope Benedict XIV in 1741
In medieval Europe, the swearing of fealty took the form of an oath made by a vassal, or subordinate, to his lord. "Fealty" also referred to the duties incumbent upon a vassal that were owed to the lord, which consisted of service and aid. [1] One part of the oath of fealty included swearing to always remain faithful to the lord.
The youngest person found commemorated on a Roman tombstone by name was a male infant nine days old (or 10 days in Roman inclusive counting). [156] Because of the rate of infant mortality , perhaps as high as 40 percent, [ 157 ] the newborn in its first few days of life was held as in a liminal phase, vulnerable to malignant forces (see List of ...
The Oath of the Horatii (1784), by Jacques-Louis David, the painting which originated the salute. The Roman salute, also known as the Fascist salute, is a gesture in which the right arm is fully extended, facing forward, with palm down and fingers touching. In some versions, the arm is raised upward at an angle; in others, it is held out ...