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A prothallus, or prothallium, (from Latin pro = forwards and Greek θαλλος (thallos) = twig) is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte. Occasionally the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well.
The gametophyte of ferns is a free-living organism, whereas the gametophyte of the gymnosperms and angiosperms is dependent on the sporophyte. The life cycle of a typical fern proceeds as follows: A diploid sporophyte phase produces haploid spores by meiosis (a process of cell division which reduces the number of chromosomes by a half).
The sporophyll of a fern. It is a fertile leaf bearing reproductive structures. In botany, a sporophyll is a leaf that bears sporangia.Both microphylls and megaphylls can be sporophylls.
In seedless vascular plants such as ferns and lycopodiophyta, the term "sporeling" refers to the young sporophyte growing on the gametophyte. These sporelings develop via an embryo stage from a fertilized egg inside an archegonium and depend on the gametophyte for their early stages of growth before becoming independent sporophytes.
In liverworts, mosses and hornworts, the dominant form is the haploid gametophyte. The diploid sporophyte is not capable of an independent existence, gaining most of its nutrition from the parent gametophyte, and having no chlorophyll when mature. [21] Sporophyte of Lomaria discolor, a fern ; Dominant sporophyte (sporophytic).
Young sporophytes of the common moss Tortula muralis. In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant generation, while the sporophytes consist of sporangium-bearing stalks growing from the tips of the gametophytes Sporophytes of moss during spring In flowering plants, the sporophyte comprises the whole multicellular body except the pollen and ...
In 2009, a molecular phylogenetic study determined that it is, in fact, a fern gametophyte. It was found to be most closely genetically linked to Lomariopsis lineata, though classification as a distinct species was not ruled out. [8] Efforts to induce süsswassertang specimens to form a sporophyte have failed, which may indicate status as a new ...
This fern can also be found in areas such as subtropical America, parts of southern Africa and other humid or sub-humid climate areas. This fern is an epiphyte , or air plant, which means it attaches itself to other plants and gets its nutrients from the air and from water and nutrients that collect on the outer surface of bark .