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The Zollverein (pronounced [ˈtsɔlfɛɐ̯ˌʔaɪn]), or German Customs Union, was a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories. Organized by the 1833 Zollverein treaties , it formally started on 1 January 1834.
The Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex (German Zeche Zollverein) is a large former industrial site in the city of Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.The first coal mine on the premises was founded in 1847, and mining activities took place from 1851 until December 23, 1986.
The accession of the city state of Hamburg to the German Customs Union, commonly known as Zollverein, in 1888 (along with Bremen) was the culmination of a project for the economic and monetary union of Germany, stretching back to 1819.
Zollverein and German unification. Further efforts to improve the confederation began in 1834 with the establishment of a customs union, the Zollverein. In 1834, the Prussian regime sought to stimulate wider trade advantages and industrialism by decree – a logical continuation of the program of Stein and Hardenberg less than two decades ...
On 1 January 1834, the treaty came into effect and the new German Customs Union (the Zollverein) was formed. The South German Customs Union was responsible for the introduction of the systematic census. [11] It also played a role in the unification of German weights and measures, a process which the German Customs Union of 1834 brought to ...
The Zollverein was not subordinate to the Austrian-led German Confederation (1815–1866) and Austria itself was excluded because of its highly protectionist trade policy, the unwillingness to split its customs territory into the separate Austrian, Hungarian and Galician-Lodomerian ones, as well as due to opposition of Prince von Metternich to ...
The Prussian-Hessian Customs Union (German: preußisch-hessische Zollverein) was a customs union between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Hesse that was established in 1828. Several other states joined over the following years, most notably the Electorate of Hesse.
As the Zollverein moved toward a policy of free trade and List's ideas fell out of public interest, his publisher withdrew and he continued the Zollvereinsblatt at his own expense. He visited England with a view to forming a commercial alliance between that country and Germany but was unsuccessful. [23]