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  2. Floor and ceiling functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_and_ceiling_functions

    In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than or equal to x , denoted ⌈ x ⌉ or ceil( x ) .

  3. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python supports normal floating point numbers, which are created when a dot is used in a literal (e.g. 1.1), when an integer and a floating point number are used in an expression, or as a result of some mathematical operations ("true division" via the / operator, or exponentiation with a negative exponent).

  4. Trial division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_division

    Trial division is the most laborious but easiest to understand of the integer factorization algorithms. The essential idea behind trial division tests to see if an integer n , the integer to be factored, can be divided by each number in turn that is less than or equal to the square root of n .

  5. Floor division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Floor_division&redirect=no

    This page was last edited on 12 March 2021, at 23:29 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...

  6. Training, validation, and test data sets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training,_validation,_and...

    A training data set is a data set of examples used during the learning process and is used to fit the parameters (e.g., weights) of, for example, a classifier. [9] [10]For classification tasks, a supervised learning algorithm looks at the training data set to determine, or learn, the optimal combinations of variables that will generate a good predictive model. [11]

  7. Extended Euclidean algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Euclidean_algorithm

    if s = 0 then output "Division by zero" if s < 0 then s := −s; t := −t (for avoiding negative denominators) if s = 1 then output-t (for avoiding denominators equal to 1) output ⁠-t / s ⁠ The proof of this algorithm relies on the fact that s and t are two coprime integers such that as + bt = 0, and thus =. To get the canonical simplified ...

  8. Division algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_algorithm

    Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.

  9. Horner's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horner's_method

    The sequence of reviews in The Monthly Review for September, 1821, concludes that Holdred was the first person to discover a direct and general practical solution of numerical equations. Fuller [ 13 ] showed that the method in Horner's 1819 paper differs from what afterwards became known as "Horner's method" and that in consequence the priority ...