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Charles V [d] [e] (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.
Charles's nomenclature as Holy Roman Emperor was Charles V (also Karl V and Carolus V), though earlier in his life he was known by the names of Charles of Ghent (after his birthplace in Flanders), Charles II as Duke of Burgundy, and Charles I as King of Spain (Carlos I) and Archduke of Austria (Karl I).
Emperor Charles V commenced the Imperial Diet of Worms on 23 January 1521. Luther was summoned to renounce or reaffirm his views. When he appeared before the assembly on 16 April, Johann von Eck, an assistant of the Archbishop of Trier, Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads at that time, acted as spokesman for the emperor.
The current modern standard biography is the book Karl V. of Karl Brandi, translated in to English by C.V.Westwood (1939) as The Emperor Charles V. [10] [3] [11] It is centred on Germany and focuses on Charles V as the last German monarch to have attempted the establishment of a universal christian monarchy of medieval character.
Before the sack, Pope Clement VII opposed the ambitions of Emperor Charles V. Afterward, he no longer had the military or financial resources to do so. [2] To avert more warfare, Clement adopted a conciliatory policy toward Charles. [2] [10] The sack had major repercussions for Italian society and culture, and in particular, for Rome.
Coronation of Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor, 1661. Sketch for the frescoes in the Sala Farnese of the Palazzo d'Accursio in Bologna. Genus Bononiae Collezioni. Charles V was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement VII in the San Petronio Basilica in Bologna on 24 February 1530. He was the last Holy Roman Emperor to be crowned by a pope.
By August 1526, he was the Duke of Bourbon's ambassador to Charles V's court in Granada and he first visited England in September 1526. [1] [3] In the summer of 1527, following the death of the Duke of Bourbon at the sack of Rome, he entered the service of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, working under Nicholas Perrenot, seigneur de Granvelle. [1]
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor [1] was the heir of several of Europe's leading royal houses. In 1506, he inherited the Burgundian Netherlands , which came from his paternal grandmother, Mary of Burgundy .