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A number of different units (some only of historical interest) are shown and expressed in terms of the corresponding SI unit. Conversions between units in the metric system are defined by their prefixes (for example, 1 kilogram = 1000 grams, 1 milligram = 0.001 grams) and are thus not listed in this article.
The light-second is a unit of length useful in astronomy, telecommunications and relativistic physics.It is defined as the distance that light travels in free space in one second, and is equal to exactly 299 792 458 m (approximately 983 571 055 ft or 186 282 miles).
The formula defines the energy E of a particle in its rest frame as the product of mass (m) with the speed of light squared (c 2). Because the speed of light is a large number in everyday units (approximately 300 000 km/s or 186 000 mi/s), the formula implies that a small amount of mass corresponds to an enormous amount of energy.
In physics, natural unit systems are measurement systems for which selected physical constants have been set to 1 through nondimensionalization of physical units.For example, the speed of light c may be set to 1, and it may then be omitted, equating mass and energy directly E = m rather than using c as a conversion factor in the typical mass–energy equivalence equation E = mc 2.
In unit systems where force is a derived unit, like in SI units, g c is equal to 1. In unit systems where force is a primary unit, like in imperial and US customary measurement systems , g c may or may not equal 1 depending on the units used, and value other than 1 may be required to obtain correct results. [ 2 ]
One example is represented by the conditions in the first 10 −43 seconds of our universe after the Big Bang, approximately 13.8 billion years ago. The four universal constants that, by definition, have a numeric value 1 when expressed in these units are: c, the speed of light in vacuum, G, the gravitational constant, ħ, the reduced Planck ...
The erg is a unit of energy equal to 10 −7 joules (100 nJ). It is not an SI unit, instead originating from the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). Its name is derived from ergon (ἔργον), a Greek word meaning 'work' or 'task'. [1] An erg is the amount of work done by a force of one dyne exerted for a distance of one centimetre.
An equivalent definition of the dyne is "that force which, acting for one second, will produce a change of velocity of one centimetre per second in a mass of one gram". [3] One dyne is equal to 10 micronewtons, 10 −5 N or to 10 nsn (nanosthenes) in the old metre–tonne–second system of units. 1 dyn = 1 g⋅cm/s 2 = 10 −5 kg⋅m/s 2 = 10 ...