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FARA is administered and enforced by the FARA Unit of the Counterintelligence and Export Control Section (CES) within the DOJ's National Security Division (NSD). [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Since 2016, there has been a 30 percent increase in registrations; [ 7 ] as of November 2022, there were over 500 active foreign agents registered with the FARA Unit.
The Forum for International Trade Training (FITT) is "a not-for-profit organization that offers international business training, resources and professional certification to individuals and businesses." [1]
FARA requires intermediaries to register too, and NGOs can act as "intermediaries" when they receive foreign funding and hire employees. The Second Circuit has ruled that to be considered as intermediary much more control is required than to be considered simply as agent, meaning that substantial amounts of funding need to be proven.
The enactment of the FCPA was a pivotal moment in U.S. legal history, as it marked the first significant effort to legally prohibit the bribery of foreign officials. It set a standard for moral leadership and integrity in international commerce, underscoring the importance of honest business practices in fostering stable and fair global markets.
International trade law is the tool used by the nation’s government for taking corrective actions against trade. International trade law focuses on applying domestic rules to international trade rules and applying treaty-based international trade law governing trade. [6]
Preferential market access refers to the fact market opening commitments that go beyond the WTO obligations, either because the exporting country of origin has an agreement to establish a free-trade area (FTA) with the importing country, or because the latter has accorded them special treatment by virtue of the former’s low level of development and/or due to its adoption of certain policies ...
In addition to that, while a licensing agreement involves things such as intellectual property, trade secrets and others while in franchising it is limited to trademarks and operating know-how of the business. [14] Advantages of the international franchising mode: Low political risk; Low cost
The International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations was founded in 1926 with a broad remit to enhance international cooperation for all technical standards and specifications. It was superseded in 1947 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) which sets a wide range of standards in thousands of areas.