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Schematic showing an electrostatic speaker's construction and its connections. The thickness of the diaphragm and grids has been exaggerated for the purpose of illustration. An electrostatic loudspeaker (ESL) is a loudspeaker design in which sound is generated by the force exerted on a membrane suspended in an electrostatic field.
The frequency F s and the frequencies above and below it where the impedance is 1 / √ 2 Z max are important in determining the loudspeaker's T/S parameters. These can be used, for example, to design a suitable enclosure for the driver, especially for low frequency drivers. In fact F s is itself one of the Thiele/Small parameters.
Speaker drivers are the primary means for sound reproduction. They are used among other places in audio applications such as loudspeakers, headphones, telephones, megaphones, instrument amplifiers, television and monitor speakers, public address systems, portable radios, toys, and in many electronics devices that are designed to emit sound.
A loudspeaker (commonly referred to as a speaker or, more fully, a speaker system) is a combination of one or more speaker drivers, an enclosure, and electrical connections (possibly including a crossover network). The speaker driver is an electroacoustic transducer [1]: 597 that converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound. [2]
The phenomenon is also called audible magnetic noise, [1] electromagnetic acoustic noise, lamination vibration [2] or electromagnetically induced acoustic noise, [3] or more rarely, electrical noise, [4] or "coil noise", depending on the application.
Microphone diaphragms, unlike speaker diaphragms, tend to be thin and flexible, since they need to absorb as much sound as possible. In a condenser microphone, the diaphragm is placed in front of a plate and is charged. [2] In a dynamic microphone, the diaphragm is glued to a magnetic coil, similar to the one in a dynamic loudspeaker.