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The first gamma ray source to be discovered was the radioactive decay process called gamma decay. In this type of decay, an excited nucleus emits a gamma ray almost immediately upon formation. [note 1] Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered gamma radiation in 1900, while studying radiation emitted from radium.
The history of gamma-ray [1] began with the serendipitous detection of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) on July 2, 1967, by the U.S. Vela satellites. After these satellites detected fifteen other GRBs, Ray Klebesadel of the Los Alamos National Laboratory published the first paper on the subject, Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts of Cosmic Origin. [2]
Explorer 11 (also known as S-15) was a NASA satellite that carried the first space-borne gamma-ray telescope.This marked the beginning of space gamma-ray astronomy. Launched on 27 April 1961 by a Juno II, the satellite returned data until 17 November 1961, when power supply problems ended the science
This class of GRB-like events was first discovered through the detection of Swift J1644+57 (originally classified as GRB 110328A) by the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission on 28 March 2011. This event had a gamma-ray duration of about 2 days, much longer than even ultra-long GRBs, and was detected in many frequencies for months and years after.
These were defense satellites originally designed to detect gamma rays from secret nuclear testing, but they luckily discovered puzzling gamma-ray bursts coming from deep space. In the 1970s, satellite observatories found several gamma-ray sources, among which a very strong source called Geminga was later identified as a pulsar in proximity.
Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes were first discovered in 1994 by BATSE, or Burst and Transient Source Experiment, on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, a NASA spacecraft. [3] A subsequent study from Stanford University in 1996 linked a TGF to an individual lightning strike occurring within a few milliseconds of the TGF.
After traveling for 1.9 billion years to reach Earth—oddly enough, making it one of closest GRBs of its type ever seen—the BOAT functionally blinded most of our space-based gamma ray detectors.
First GRB discovered with a radio afterglow GRB 970508 [20] First GRB discovered with an optical afterglow GRB 970228: February 28, 1997 02:58 UTC [20] First GRB discovered with an X-ray afterglow GRB 780506 [21] First Short GRB discovered with millimeter afterglow [22] GRB 211106A 2021 November 6 04:37:31.2 UT [23] 0.7<z<1.4 [24]