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A bootstrap paradox, also known as an information loop, an information paradox, [6] an ontological paradox, [7] or a "predestination paradox" is a paradox of time travel that occurs when any event, such as an action, information, an object, or a person, ultimately causes itself, as a consequence of either retrocausality or time travel.
The causality violating set is the set of points through which closed causal curves pass. The boundary of the causality violating set is a Cauchy horizon . If the Cauchy horizon is generated by closed null geodesics, then there's a redshift factor associated with each of them.
Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is at least partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is at least partly dependent on the cause. [1]
Causality is the relationship between causes and effects. [1] [2] While causality is also a topic studied from the perspectives of philosophy and physics, it is operationalized so that causes of an event must be in the past light cone of the event and ultimately reducible to fundamental interactions. Similarly, a cause cannot have an effect ...
Retrocausality, or backwards causation, is a concept of cause and effect in which an effect precedes its cause in time and so a later event affects an earlier one. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In quantum physics , the distinction between cause and effect is not made at the most fundamental level and so time-symmetric systems can be viewed as causal or retrocausal.
An early example of a time loop is the 1915 Russian novel Strange Life of Ivan Osokin, where the main character gets to live his life over again but struggles to change it the second time around. [3] The episode "The Man Who Murdered Time" in the radio drama The Shadow was broadcast on 1 January 1939, about a dying scientist who invents a time ...
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Here, the blue region is transformed by the dynamics first to the purple region, then to the pink and red regions, and eventually to a cloud of vertical lines scattered across the space. Topological mixing (or the weaker condition of topological transitivity) means that the system evolves over time so that any given region or open set of its ...