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Tuberculous meningitis, also known as TB meningitis or tubercular meningitis, is a specific type of bacterial meningitis caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the meninges—the system of membranes which envelop the central nervous system.
TB meningitis usually responds well to treatment, but TB cerebritis may require prolonged treatment (up to two years) and the steroid course needed is often also prolonged (up to six months). Unlike TB meningitis, TB cerebritis often required repeated CT or MRI imaging of the brain to monitor progress. [medical citation needed]
Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk, early detection and treatment of cases, and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. [3] [4] [5] Those at high risk include household, workplace, and social contacts of people with active TB. [4] Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of ...
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an active TB case can present in the lungs through symptoms such as: ... TB meningitis (the brain) can cause headaches or confusion.
Tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are vaccinations intended for the prevention of tuberculosis. Immunotherapy as a defence against TB was first proposed in 1890 by Robert Koch . [ 1 ] As of 2021, the only effective tuberculosis vaccine in common use is the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, first used on humans in 1921.
Tuberculous meningitis in children continues to be associated with a significant risk of death even with treatment (19%), and a significant proportion of the surviving children have ongoing neurological problems. Just over a third of all cases survives with no problems. [85]
The mortality of tuberculosis meningitis is 20-50% even with treatment. A longer duration of presenting symptoms was associated with a higher mortality in tuberculosis meningitis. [ 4 ] HIV co-infection, multidrug resistant tuberculosis , or the development of hydrocephalus or focal weakness in tuberculosis meningitis are also associated with a ...
The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB). [9] It is named after its inventors Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin. [10] [11] In countries where tuberculosis or leprosy is common, one dose is recommended in healthy babies as soon after birth as possible. [9]
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