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An enthesophyte, consisting of calcification deposits within the Achilles tendon at its calcaneal insertion. The Achilles tendon is wider than normal, further suggesting inflammation. Enthesophytes are abnormal bony projections at the attachment of a tendon or ligament. [1]
An inferior calcaneal spur is located on the inferior aspect of the calcaneus and is typically a response to plantar fasciitis over a period, but may also be associated with ankylosing spondylitis (typically in children). A posterior calcaneal spur develops on the back of the heel at the insertion of the Achilles tendon. [3]
To help prevent a recurrence of Haglund's deformity: [3] wear appropriate shoes; avoid shoes with a rigid heel back [3]; use arch supports or orthotic devices [3]; perform stretching exercises to prevent the Achilles tendon from tightening [3] [4]
Palliative treatments consist of stretching, analgesics, and padding (e.g. cushioned foot wear for plantar fasciitis), splints (e.g. tennis elbow strap), and other treatments. The concept that a calcified attachment can be removed surgically is highly debatable as these calcifications are a regular part of an enthesopathy.
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a condition characterized by abnormal calcification/bone formation (hyperostosis) of the soft tissues surrounding the joints of the spine, and also of the peripheral or appendicular skeleton. [1]
Osteophyte formation has classically been related to sequential and consequential changes in such processes. Often osteophytes form in osteoarthritic joints as a result of damage and wear from inflammation. Calcification and new bone formation can also occur in response to mechanical damage in joints. [5]
A calcaneal fracture is a break of the calcaneus (heel bone). [1] Symptoms may include pain, bruising, trouble walking, and deformity of the heel . [ 1 ] It may be associated with breaks of the hip or back .
Exostoses are sometimes shaped like spurs, such as calcaneal spurs. Osteomyelitis , a bone infection, may leave the adjacent bone with exostosis formation. Charcot foot , the neuropathic breakdown of the feet seen primarily in diabetics , can also leave bone spurs that may then become symptomatic.