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Severity Scoring System for Children (hepatic) Pediatric end-stage liver disease ( PELD ) is a disease severity scoring system for children under 12 years of age. [ 1 ] It is calculated from the patient's albumin , bilirubin , and international normalized ratio (INR) together with the patient's age and degree of growth failure .
In primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), some use a modified Child–Pugh score where the bilirubin references are changed to reflect the fact that these diseases feature high conjugated bilirubin levels. The upper limit for 1 point is 68 μmol/L (4 mg/dL) and the upper limit for 2 points is 170 μmol/L (10 ...
The medical history includes obtaining the symptoms of pulmonary TB: productive, prolonged cough of three or more weeks, chest pain, and hemoptysis.Systemic symptoms include low grade remittent fever, chills, night sweats, appetite loss, weight loss, easy fatiguability, and production of sputum that starts out mucoid but changes to purulent. [1]
In people with smear-positive pulmonary TB (without HIV co-infection), after 5 years without treatment, 50–60% die while 20–25% achieve spontaneous resolution (cure). TB is almost always fatal in those with untreated HIV co-infection and death rates are increased even with antiretroviral treatment of HIV. [168]
Children less than four years of age, or children and adolescents exposed to adults in high-risk categories; 15 mm or more is positive in Persons with no known risk factors for TB [13] A tuberculin test conversion is defined as an increase of 10 mm or more within a two-year period, regardless of age.
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Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB.. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first two months.