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Urbanization in Indonesia increased tremendously following the country's rapid development in the 1970s. [1] Since then, Indonesia has been facing high urbanization rates driven by rural-urban migration. In 1950, 15% of Indonesia's population lived in urban areas. In 1990, 40 years later, this number doubled to 30%. [2]
North Jakarta contains some of Jakarta's original natural mangrove forests. As the city has developed, some of this mangrove forest was converted into urban areas. However, a reforestation project aimed at planting mangroves within an area of 400 hectares was enacted in 2011 and was scheduled to be finished in 2012.
Jakarta was the only city granted the kotaraya status, due to its function as the capital of Indonesia. [8] The terms kotaraya and kotapraja had been abolished since 1974, and kotamadya was used for most of urban areas in Indonesia up to 1999. Jakarta continued to be the only urban area with a province status. [9]
Jakarta's urban area in 1950 were enclosed within the city's railway network. Areas beyond the railway lines remained empty, e.g. Tomang and Grogol to the west, Pluit and swampy Ancol to the north. Areas to the east and northeast, e.g. the area between Jalan Gunung Sahari and Tanjung Priok remained rural (with the exception of the Kemayoran Airport
The population of the Jakarta metropolitan area, with an area of 6,802.10 km 2 (2,626.31 sq mi), was 31.24 million according to the Indonesian 2020 Census, [14] making it the most populous region in Indonesia, as well as the second-most populous urban area in the world after Tokyo.
East Jakarta (Jakarta Timur) territory is characterised by several industrial sectors. [225] Also located in East Jakarta are Taman Mini Indonesia Indah and Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport. This city has ten districts. North Jakarta (Jakarta Utara) is bounded by the Java Sea. It is the location of Port of Tanjung Priok. Large- and ...
This type of city and regency in Indonesia is only found in Jakarta which consisted of five administrative cities and one administrative regency. As of January 2023 [update] , there were 514-second-level administrative divisions (416 regencies and 98 cities) in Indonesia. [ 3 ]
There are two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. The first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas , as defined by the country. The second measure, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period ...