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  2. Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation...

    Piping and instrumentation diagram of pump with storage tank. Symbols according to EN ISO 10628 and EN 62424. A more complex example of a P&ID. A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is defined as follows: A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process.

  3. Instrumentation in petrochemical industries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation_in...

    An outline of key instrumentation is shown on Process Flow Diagrams (PFD) which indicate the principal equipment and the flow of fluids in the plant. Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID) provide details of all the equipment (vessels, pumps, etc), piping and instrumentation on the plant in a symbolic and diagrammatic form.

  4. List of abbreviations in oil and gas exploration and production

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abbreviations_in...

    SMPC – subsea multiphase pump, which can increase flowrate and pressure of the untreated wellstream [citation needed] SN – seat nipple SNAM – Societá Nazionale Metanodotti now Snam S.p.A. (Italy) [ 27 ]

  5. Pressure regulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_regulator

    Oxygen and MAPP gas cylinders with two-stage pressure regulators Schematic diagram of pressure reducing regulator (A) and back-pressure regulator (B). The upper diagrams show the normal state for the valves, which is normally open for pressure reducers and normally closed for back-pressure valves.

  6. Engineering drawing abbreviations and symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_drawing...

    Technical standards exist to provide glossaries of abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols that may be found on engineering drawings. Many corporations have such standards, which define some terms and symbols specific to them; on the national and international level, ASME standard Y14.38 [1] is one of the standards. Australia utilises the ...

  7. Solenoid valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve

    Ordinary valves can have many ports and fluid paths. A 2-way valve, for example, has 2 ports; if the valve is open, then the two ports are connected and fluid may flow between the ports; if the valve is closed, then ports are isolated. If the valve is open when the solenoid is not energized, then the valve is termed normally open (N.O.).

  8. Proportional–integral–derivative controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional–integral...

    Some process control schemes and final control elements require this reverse action. An example would be a valve for cooling water, where the fail-safe mode, in the case of signal loss, would be 100% opening of the valve; therefore 0% controller output needs to cause 100% valve opening.

  9. Centrifugal pump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_pump

    This pump type operates without a foot valve and without an evacuation device on the suction side. The pump has to be primed with the fluid to be handled prior to commissioning. Two-phase mixture is pumped until the suction line has been evacuated and the fluid level has been pushed into the front suction intake chamber by atmospheric pressure.