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The Pioneer Venus Orbiter, also known as Pioneer Venus 1 or Pioneer 12, was a mission to Venus conducted by NASA as part of the Pioneer Venus project. Launched in May 1978 atop an Atlas-Centaur rocket, the spacecraft was inserted into an elliptical orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978. It returned data from Venus until October 1992. [2] [4]
The Pioneer Venus project was part of the Pioneer program consisting of two spacecraft, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, launched to Venus in 1978. [1] The program was managed by NASA's Ames Research Center. The Pioneer Venus Orbiter entered orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978, and performed observations to ...
The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, also known as Pioneer Venus 2 or Pioneer 13, was a spacecraft launched in 1978 to explore Venus as part of NASA's Pioneer program. This part of the mission included a spacecraft bus which was launched from Earth. The bus carried one large and three smaller probes, which, after separating, each penetrated the ...
First orbiter of Venus and first images from the surface of another planet. Proton-K/D: Venera 10 (4V-1 No.661) ... Pioneer Venus 1 (PV Orbiter) 20 May 1978: NASA
The Pioneer programs were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes.The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus.
A map of Venus compiled from data recorded by NASA's Pioneer Venus Orbiter spacecraft beginning in 1978. In 1978, NASA sent two Pioneer spacecraft to Venus. The Pioneer mission consisted of two components, launched separately: an orbiter and a multiprobe. The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe carried one large and three small atmospheric probes. The ...
Pioneer Venus Orbiter: NASA/ARC: Cytherocentric: Venus orbiter: 22 October 1992: Successful Entered 181.6 x 66,360-km orbit around Venus on 4 December 1978.
The Magellan spacecraft was a space probe sent to the planet Venus, the first uncrewed interplanetary spacecraft to be launched by NASA since its successful Pioneer Orbiter, also to Venus, in 1978. It was also the first deep-space probe to be launched on the Space Shuttle. [38]