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The history of agriculture in the United States covers the period from the first English settlers to the present day. In Colonial America, agriculture was the primary livelihood for 90% of the population, and most towns were shipping points for the export of agricultural products. Most farms were geared toward subsistence production for family use.
Pinckney transformed agriculture in colonial South Carolina, where she developed indigo as one of its most important cash crops. Its cultivation and processing as dye produced one-third the total value of the colony's exports before the Revolutionary War. The manager of three plantations, [2] Pinckney had a major influence on the colonial economy.
A cash crop, also called profit crop, is an agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit. It is typically purchased by parties separate from a farm . The term is used to differentiate a marketed crop from a staple crop ("subsistence crop") in subsistence agriculture , which is one fed to the producer's own livestock or grown as food for ...
Colonial plantations eventually formed a key component of the triangular trade, where by European goods were brought to Africa and exchanged for slaves, which were brought to the Americas to be sold to colonists, who used them to produce cash crops which were shipped back to Europe; most African slaves brought to the Americas were sold to the ...
The colonies developed prosperous economies based on the cultivation of cash crops, such as tobacco, [3] indigo, [4] and rice. [5] An effect of the cultivation of these crops was the presence of slavery in significantly higher proportions than in other parts of British America.
In contrast, the primary focus of a plantation was the production of cash crops, with enough staple food crops produced to feed the population of the estate and the livestock. [4] A common definition of what constituted a plantation is that it typically had 500 to 1,000 acres (2.0 to 4.0 km 2 ) or more of land and produced one or two cash crops ...
Russo, David J. American towns: an interpretive history (2001) online; Saloutos, Theodore, and John D. Hicks. Twentieth Century Populism: Agricultural Discontent in the Middle West, 1900-1939 (1951) online ; Saloutos, Theodore Farmer movements in the South, 1865-1933 (1964) online; Schafer, Joseph. The social history of American agriculture ...
In the Thirteen Colonies, plantations were concentrated in the South. These colonies included Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. They had good soil and long growing seasons, ideal for crops such as rice and tobacco. The existence of many waterways in the region made transportation easier. Each colony specialized in ...