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Additional symbols were used to note thousands and millions, and Sequoyah also used a final symbol to mark the end of a number. [ 30 ] [ 32 ] The glyphs for 1 through 20 can be grouped into groups of five that have a visual similarity to each other (1–5, 6–10, 11–15, and 16–20). [ 33 ]
The long vowels /iː, oː, aː/ are paired with the short vowels /i, o, a/, and are written with double symbols ii, oo, aa that correspond to the single symbols used for the short vowels i, o, a . The long vowel /eː/ does not have a corresponding short vowel, and is written with a single e . [19] The short vowels are: i, o, a . [20]
Other marks placed above or beside the syllable are called "diacritics". These include the dot placed above a syllable to mark a long vowel, as in ᒦ mî, and the dot placed at mid height after the syllable (in western Cree dialects) or before the syllable (in eastern Cree dialects) to indicate a medial w, as in ᑿ kwa.
Cherokee, like many Native American languages, is polysynthetic, meaning that many morphemes may be linked together to form a single word, which may be of great length. Cherokee verbs must contain at a minimum a pronominal prefix , a verb root, an aspect suffix, and a modal suffix, [ 19 ] for a total of 17 verb tenses. [ 39 ]
As Plains Indian Sign Language was widely understood among different tribes, a written, graphic transcription of these signs is known to have functioned as a medium of communication between Native Americans on and off reservations during the period of American colonization, removal, and forced schooling in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
This is not a complete list of federally recognized tribes, and only represents some of the largest by population and reserved land area. See the Wikimedia links above for more symbols of Native American nations.
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The first efforts to write Inuktitut came from Moravian missionaries in Greenland and Labrador in the mid-19th century using Latin script. The first book printed in Inuktitut using Cree script was an 8-page pamphlet known as Selections from the Gospels in the dialect of the Inuit of Little Whale River (ᒋᓴᓯᑊ ᐅᑲᐤᓯᐣᑭᐟ, "Jesus' words"), [4] printed by John Horden in 1855–56 ...