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Soil contaminated with crude oil displays toxic levels of various heavy metals such as lead, zinc and magnesium. Application of mycoremediation techniques to crude contaminated soils have shown significant reductions of heavy metal concentrations. [29] Mechanisms involved in bioremediation of toxic compounds.
Dredging contaminated sediment in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts. The harbor is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).. Environmental remediation is the cleanup of hazardous substances dealing with the removal, treatment and containment of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment. [1]
South Kuwaiti oil fires, 1991. The Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program (KERP) is a plan that aims to clear swaths of contaminated soil in Kuwait. Their main objective is oil spills following the 1991 Gulf War. The goal of the program is to clear a swath of ~114 square miles (300 km 2). It is the largest inland environmental cleanup valued ...
This method disperses contaminated soil and aerates the soil by cyclically rotating. [30] This process is an above land application and contaminated soils are required to be shallow in order for microbial activity to be stimulated. However, if the contamination is deeper than 5 feet, then the soil is required to be excavated to above ground. [13]
The first National Contingency Plan was developed and published in 1968, in response to a massive oil spill from the oil tanker Torrey Canyon, off the coast of England a year earlier. More than 37 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the water and caused massive environmental damage. To avoid the problems faced by response officials ...
Deep soil mixing requires specialized auger mixing equipment. In order to apply this method in-situ and in deep soil, the oxidant must be pumped to the point of mixing using a kelly bar (a piece of earth drilling equipment), or appropriate piping to the place where the soil needs to be oxidized. The soil then has to be mixed by using mixing blades.
Oil Tankers: 10 miles out of Kuwait: 240–460 million gallons 2. April 20, 2010: Explosion: Drilling rig Deepwater Horizon: Gulf of Mexico, 50 miles off the coast of Louisiana: 210 million gallons 3. June 3, 1979: Well blowout: Oil well Ixtoc 1: Gulf of Mexico: 140 million gallons 4. March 2, 1992: Leak: Oil well: Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan ...
Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is a physical treatment process for in situ remediation of volatile contaminants in vadose zone (unsaturated) soils (EPA, 2012). SVE (also referred to as in situ soil venting or vacuum extraction) is based on mass transfer of contaminant from the solid (sorbed) and liquid (aqueous or non-aqueous) phases into the gas phase, with subsequent collection of the gas phase ...