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Analogy is a comparison or correspondence between two things (or two groups of things) because of a third element that they are considered to share. [1]In logic, it is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction.
Literal and figurative language is a distinction that exists in all natural languages; it is studied within certain areas of language analysis, in particular stylistics, rhetoric, and semantics. Literal language is the usage of words exactly according to their direct, straightforward, or conventionally accepted meanings : their denotation .
A figurative analogy is a comparison about two things that are not alike but share only some common property. [1] On the other hand, a literal analogy is about two things that are nearly exactly alike. The two things compared in a figurative analogy are not obviously comparable in most respects. [2]
The example of flammable, having the same meaning as inflammable, is an example of analogical creation, as the word flammable has been created and added to the language system. Analogical maintenance occurs when a regular sound change is prevented from occurring on the basis of analogy.
A political cartoon by illustrator S.D. Ehrhart in an 1894 Puck magazine shows a farm-woman labeled "Democratic Party" sheltering from a tornado of political change.. A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another. [1]
For example, the phrase, "John, my best friend" uses the scheme known as apposition. Tropes (from Greek trepein, 'to turn') change the general meaning of words. An example of a trope is irony, which is the use of words to convey the opposite of their usual meaning ("For Brutus is an honorable man; / So are they all, all honorable men").
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A false analogy is an informal fallacy, or a faulty instance, of the argument from analogy. An argument from analogy is weakened if it is inadequate in any of the above respects. The term "false analogy" comes from the philosopher John Stuart Mill, who was one of the first individuals to examine analogical reasoning in detail. [2]