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A flat-four engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-four engine or boxer engine, [1] is a four-cylinder piston engine with two banks of cylinders lying on opposite sides of a common crankshaft. The most common type of flat-four engine is the boxer-four engine , each pair of opposed pistons moves inwards and outwards at the same time.
The company also produced boxer-six engines from 1988 to 1996 and 2001–2019. [16] In 2008, the Subaru EE engine became the world's first passenger car diesel boxer engine. This engine is a turbocharged boxer-four with common rail fuel injection. [4] [17] [18] [19] Ferrari used flat-twelve engines for various Formula One cars in the 1970s.
The configuration of the engine and the horizontally opposed cylinder layout classifies them as boxer, opposed cylinder, horizontal or flat engines. They are different from an Opposed piston engine where the engine has two crankshafts and no cylinder head, as used in the Junkers Jumo 205 , whereas boxer-style engines have one crankshaft and two ...
The Volkswagen air-cooled engine is an air-cooled, gasoline-fuelled, boxer engine with four horizontally opposed cast-iron cylinders, cast aluminum alloy cylinder heads and pistons, magnesium-alloy crankcase, and forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods.
The wasserboxer features a cast aluminium alloy cylinder block, cylinder heads, and pistons; and a die-forged steel flat plane crankshaft with four main bearings. [1]As in Volkswagen's earlier air-cooled luftboxer engines, the wasserboxer's three-bearing camshaft is driven directly from the crankshaft by means of a small steel gear on the crankshaft and a larger aluminium gear on the camshaft ...
Engine of Alfa Romeo Arna 1.5 Ti. From 1978 until October 1986, the largest member of the family was the 1.5 L (1,490 cc) "1500" with 84 mm × 67.2 mm (3.31 in × 2.65 in) bore and stroke. [5] It was built until 1995 and produced 84 to 105 PS (62 to 77 kW). [3] This is the largest engine to have been installed in Alfasuds. [13] Applications:
Boxer crankshaft configuration. Most flat-twin engines use a boxer configuration for the crankshaft and are therefore called "boxer-twin" engines. In a boxer-twin engine, the 180° crankshaft moves the pistons in phase with each other, therefore the forces generated by one piston are cancelled out by the other, resulting in excellent primary balance.
A boxer-style flat-six engine is able to have perfect primary and secondary balance.As in other six-cylinder engines, the overlapping of the power strokes of the different cylinders (with a firing interval of 120 degrees in a four-stroke engine) reduces the pulsating of the power delivery relative to that of similar engines with fewer cylinders.