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Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl 5. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being PCl 3 and POCl 3 . PCl 5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent.
The reaction of phosphorus pentachloride (PCl 5) with phosphorus pentoxide (P 4 O 10). 6 PCl 5 + P 4 O 10 → 10 POCl 3. The reaction can be simplified by chlorinating a mixture of PCl 3 and P 4 O 10, generating the PCl 5 in situ. The reaction of phosphorus pentachloride with boric acid or oxalic acid: [12] 3 PCl 5 + 2 B(OH) 3 → 3 POCl 3 + B ...
Phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentabromide, and phosphorus heptabromide are ionic in the solid and liquid states; PCl 5 is formulated as PCl 4 + PCl 6 –, but in contrast, PBr 5 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br −, and PBr 7 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br 3 −. They are widely used as chlorinating and brominating agents in organic chemistry.
Alkyl chlorides are most easily prepared by treating alcohols with thionyl chloride (SOCl 2) or phosphorus pentachloride (PCl 5), but also commonly with sulfuryl chloride (SO 2 Cl 2) and phosphorus trichloride (PCl 3): ROH + SOCl 2 → RCl + SO 2 + HCl 3 ROH + PCl 3 → 3 RCl + H 3 PO 3 ROH + PCl 5 → RCl + POCl 3 + HCl
PCl 5 is a colourless solid which has an ionic formulation of PCl 4 + PCl 6 −, but adopts the trigonal bipyramidal geometry when molten or in the vapour phase. [17] PBr 5 is an unstable solid formulated as PBr 4 + Br − and PI 5 is not known. [17] The pentachloride and pentafluoride are Lewis acids.
A pentachloride is a compound or ion that contains five chlorine atoms or ions. Common pentachlorides include: Antimony pentachloride, SbCl 5; Arsenic pentachloride, AsCl 5; Molybdenum pentachloride, MoCl 5; Niobium pentachloride, NbCl 5; Phosphorus pentachloride, PCl 5; Protactinium pentachloride, PaCl 5; Osmium pentachloride, OsCl 5; Rhenium ...
Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl 5), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6), chlorine trifluoride (ClF 3), the chlorite (ClO − 2) ion in chlorous acid and the triiodide (I − 3) ion are examples of hypervalent molecules.
Phosphorus trichloride (PCl 3) is popular, [12] although excess reagent is required. [9] Phosphorus pentachloride ( PCl 5 ) is also effective, [ 13 ] [ 14 ] but only one chloride is transferred: RCO 2 H + PCl 5 RCOCl + POCl 3 + HCl {\displaystyle {\ce {RCO2H + PCl5 -> RCOCl + POCl3 + HCl}}}