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Different genetic defects cause HIgM syndrome, the vast majority are inherited as an X-linked recessive genetic trait and most with the condition are male. [ 7 ] IgM is the form of antibody that all B cells produce initially before they undergo class switching due to exposure to a recognized antigen.
Different genetic defects cause HIgM syndrome, the vast majority are inherited as an X-linked recessive genetic trait and most with the condition are male. [ 7 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 12 ] [ 4 ] IgM is the form of antibody that all B cells produce initially before they undergo class switching .
Most hypergammaglobulinemias are caused by an excess of immunoglobulin M (IgM), because this is the default immunoglobulin type prior to class switching. Some types of hypergammaglobulinemia are actually caused by a deficiency in the other major types of immunoglobulins, which are IgA, IgE and IgG.
There are five varieties of immunoglobulins, indicated by the suffices -A, -D, -E, -G and -M. [34] In the aggregate, the immunoglobulin level may be elevated with the disease, but the majority of such increased antibodies are of a monoclonal variety due to the clonal plasma cell and are thus ineffective.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest of several isotypes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen ; [ 1 ] [ 2 ] causing it to also be called an acute phase antibody.
Serum protein electrophoresis showing a paraprotein (spike/peak in the gamma zone) in a patient with multiple myeloma.. A myeloma protein is an abnormal antibody (immunoglobulin) or (more often) a fragment thereof, such as an immunoglobulin light chain, that is produced in excess by an abnormal monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells, typically in multiple myeloma or Monoclonal gammopathy of ...
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Immunodeficiency with hyperimmunoglobulin M is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent infections, low or absent IgG, IgE, and IgA levels, and normal or elevated levels of IgM and IgD. [ 2 ] : 84
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