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  2. Defects per million opportunities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defects_per_million...

    DPMO is stated in opportunities per million units for convenience: processes that are considered highly capable (e.g., processes of Six Sigma quality) are those that experience fewer than 3.4 defects per million opportunities (or services provided).

  3. Parts-per notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation

    Fluorescein aqueous solutions, diluted from 10,000 to 1 parts-per-million in intervals of 10 fold dilution. At 1 ppm the solution is a very pale yellow. At 1 ppm the solution is a very pale yellow. As the concentration increases the colour becomes a more vibrant yellow, then orange, with the final 10,000 ppm a deep red colour.

  4. List of unsolved problems in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Protein folding problem: Is it possible to predict the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a polypeptide sequence based solely on the sequence and environmental information? Inverse protein-folding problem: Is it possible to design a polypeptide sequence which will adopt a given structure under certain environmental conditions?

  5. Kröger–Vink notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kröger–Vink_Notation

    Using equation 5, the formula can be simplified into the following form where the enthalpy of formation can be directly calculated: [v ⁠ ′ ′ {\displaystyle \prime \prime } ⁠ Mg ] = exp ( − ⁠ Δ f H / 2 k B T ⁠ + ⁠ Δ f S / 2 k B ⁠ ) = A exp ( − ⁠ Δ f H / 2 k B T ⁠ ) , where A is a constant containing the entropic term.

  6. Crystallographic defect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallographic_defect

    Antisite defects [6] [7] occur in an ordered alloy or compound when atoms of different type exchange positions. For example, some alloys have a regular structure in which every other atom is a different species; for illustration assume that type A atoms sit on the corners of a cubic lattice, and type B atoms sit in the center of the cubes.

  7. Talk:Parts-per notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Parts-per_notation

    In environmental chemistry we make a distinction between parts per million {or billion, etc.} by *volume* vs. ppm by *weight*. For a dilute solution, such as NaCl in water, concentration is often expressed as weight of solute divided by mass of solution (typically assuming 1 g/mL for dilute water-based solutions) -- i.e., ppm by weight.

  8. Crystallographic defects in diamond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallographic_defects...

    Although the physical and chemical properties of cobalt and nickel are rather similar, the concentrations of isolated cobalt in diamond are much smaller than those of nickel (parts per billion range). Several defects related to isolated cobalt have been detected by electron paramagnetic resonance [50] and photoluminescence, [5] [51] but their ...

  9. Capacitor plague - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_plague

    Failed aluminium electrolytic capacitors with open vents in the top of the can, and visible dried electrolyte residue (reddish-brown color) The capacitor plague was a problem related to a higher-than-expected failure rate of non-solid aluminium electrolytic capacitors between 1999 and 2007, especially those from some Taiwanese manufacturers, [1] [2] due to faulty electrolyte composition that ...