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When the system is designed with a main duct branching into many subsidiary branch ducts, fittings called take-offs allow a small portion of the flow in the main duct to be diverted into each branch duct. Take-offs may be fitted into round or rectangular openings cut into the wall of the main duct.
Process duct work may be round or rectangular. Although round duct work costs more to fabricate than rectangular duct work, it requires fewer stiffeners and is favored in many applications over rectangular ductwork. The air in process duct work may be at ambient conditions or may operate at up to 900 °F (482 °C).
For the limiting case of a very wide duct, i.e. a slot of width b, where b ≫ a, and a is the water depth, then D H = 4a. For a fully filled duct or pipe whose cross-section is a convex regular polygon , the hydraulic diameter is equivalent to the diameter D {\displaystyle D} of a circle inscribed within the wetted perimeter .
The bell-mouth shape allows the maximum amount of air to be drawn into the duct with minimum loss. Cosworth Formula One engine, with bell-mouthed inlet trumpets for each cylinder, known as a velocity stack. A bell-mouth inlet duct is a form of convergent inlet air duct used to direct air into the inlet of a gas turbine engine.
Sound attenuators are available in circular and rectangular form factors. Prefabricated rectangular sound attenuators typically come in 3, 5, 7, or 9-ft lengths. The width and height of the sound attenuators are often determined by the surrounding ductwork, though extended media options are available for improved attenuation.
Bending A chimney starter, a sample product of bending. Bending is a manufacturing process that produces a V-shape, U-shape, or channel shape along a straight axis in ductile materials, most commonly sheet metal. [1]