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  2. Nonwoven fabric - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric

    calendering through heated rollers (called spunbond when combined with spunlaid webs), calenders can be smooth faced for an overall bond or patterned for a softer, more tear resistant bond; hydroentanglement: mechanical intertwining of fibers by water jets (also called spunlace) [11] [12]

  3. Tyvek - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyvek

    Tyvek is a nonwoven product consisting of spun bond olefin fiber. It was first discovered in 1955 by a researcher for the DuPont textile company working in an experimental lab, who noticed a type of white fluff coming out of a pipe. [2] That fluff was a form of polyethylene, which DuPont requested a patent for within a year of the discovery.

  4. Direct bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_bonding

    Between 150 °C and 300 °C more Si-F-H-Si bonds are formed. Above 300 °C the desorption of hydrogen and fluoride from the wafer surface leads to redundant hydrogen atoms that diffuse in the silicon crystal lattice or along interface. As a result, covalent Si-Si bonds start to establish between opposing surfaces.

  5. Bonding in solids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonding_in_solids

    Intermediate organization of covalent bonds: Regarding the organization of covalent bonds, recall that classic molecular solids, as stated above, consist of small, non-polar covalent molecules. The example given, paraffin wax , is a member of a family of hydrocarbon molecules of differing chain lengths, with high-density polyethylene at the ...

  6. Eutectic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutectic_bonding

    The material mix is solidified when the temperature decreases below eutectic point or the concentration ratio changes (for Si-Au: T < 370 °C). [1] The solidification leads to epitaxial growth of silicon and gold on top of the silicon substrate resulting in numerous small silicon islands protruding from a polycrystalline gold alloy (compare to ...

  7. Investment-grade bonds vs. high-yield bonds: How they differ

    www.aol.com/finance/investment-grade-bonds-vs...

    Pros and cons of investment-grade bonds vs. high-yield. These two classes of bonds have both differences and similarities. For example, when it comes to income potential, you will earn a smaller ...

  8. Short-term bonds vs. long-term bonds: Which are better for you?

    www.aol.com/finance/short-term-bonds-vs-long...

    Compared to a longer-term bond, a short-term bond will typically offer a lower interest rate when all other factors are equal. Short-term vs. long-term bonds: Key differences

  9. Gold–aluminium intermetallic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold–aluminium_intermetallic

    AuAl 2 is the most thermally stable species of the Au–Al intermetallic compounds, with a melting point of 1060 °C (see phase diagram), which is similar to the melting point of pure gold. AuAl 2 can react with Au, therefore is often replaced by Au 2 Al, a tan-colored substance, which forms at composition of 93% of Au and 7% of Al by mass.