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Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug. [7] After its discovery in 1975, [8] its first uses were in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat heartworm and acariasis. [9] Approved for human use in 1987, [10] it is used to treat infestations including head lice, scabies, river blindness (onchocerciasis), strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis and lymphatic filariasis.
Ivermectin does not kill the Strongyloides larvae, only the adult worms, therefore repeat dosing may be necessary to properly eradicate the infection. There is an auto-infective cycle of roughly two weeks during which ivermectin should be re-administered; however, additional dosing may still be necessary as it will not kill Strongyloides in the ...
Ivermectin prevents female worms from releasing microfilariae for several months, thus relieving symptoms and temporarily preventing transmission. However, this does not kill adult worms, so it must be taken once annually as long as adult worms are present.
Pyrantel pamoate – effective against most parasitic nematodes of the GIT; Macrocyclic lactones are glutamate-gated chloride channel agonists, [8] and include: Avermectins (including ivermectin and moxidectin) - effective against most common intestinal worms, except tapeworms, for which praziquantel is commonly used in conjunction for mass ...
Mebendazole has a much higher failure rate in clinical practice than albendazole or ivermectin. [25] However, these drugs have little effect on the autoinfective larvae. Hence, repeat treatments with ivermectin or albendazole must be administered to kill newly matured parasites that have developed from the autoinfective larvae.
Dewormers that have ivermectin or moxidectin are the most effective against these parasites. [10] Treating a horse with regular dewormer when they have the worms inside of them may cause the worms to migrate all at once, causing rupture of the intestines and lead to death. [ 11 ]
This allows host immune cells to adhere to the microfilariae surface and facilitate their elimination. Ivermectin is unable to kill the adult worms. [7] Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) also has been used in treating filarial infections. While DEC works well against many filarial parasites, it is not effective in treating M. ozzardi microfilarial ...
Ivermectin is administered four times a year and will be continually administered for 10–14 years due to the lifespan of the adult worm. [25] Intense skin itching is eventually relieved, and the progression towards blindness is halted. The drug reduces larval release from the adult worm but does not kill it. [11]