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When inflation ends, the temperature returns to the pre-inflationary temperature; this is called reheating or thermalization because the large potential energy of the inflaton field decays into particles and fills the Universe with Standard Model particles, including electromagnetic radiation, starting the radiation dominated phase of the Universe.
The temperature of ultrarelativistic fluids, often called "radiation" and including the cosmic microwave background, scales inversely with the scale factor (i.e. ). The temperature of nonrelativistic matter drops more sharply, scaling as the inverse square of the scale factor (i.e. T ∝ a − 2 {\displaystyle T\propto a^{-2}} ).
Inflation rates among members of the International Monetary Fund in April 2024 UK and US monthly inflation rates from January 1989 [1] [2] In economics, inflation is a general increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy. This is usually measured using a consumer price index (CPI).
Inflation rates have dramatically fallen since they topped 9% in June 2022. The current annual inflation rate is 2.5%, the lowest it's been since February 2021. That's a significant drop; however,...
Brief history of U.S. inflation. High inflation was last a major problem during the 1970s and 1980s — reaching 12.2 percent in 1974 and 14.6 percent in 1980 — when the central bank didn’t ...
Annual inflation ticked up for a third straight month in December as food, energy costs rose, CPI report showed. But underlying price measure eased. Inflation rose to 5-month high in December.
In warm inflation radiation production occurs concurrently with inflationary expansion. This is consistent with the conditions necessary for inflation as given by the Friedmann equations of general relativity , which simply require that the vacuum energy density dominates the energy content of the universe at time of inflation, and so does not ...
Inflation has been one of the bugaboos of the post-pandemic era, increasing from 2.3% in December 2019, as measured by the Consumer Price Index, to 9.8% at its peak in June 2022, driving up prices ...