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The early Muslim–Meccan conflict refer to a series of raids in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions participated. The raids were generally offensive [1] and carried out to gather intelligence or seize back the confiscated Muslim trade goods of caravans financed by the Mushrik of the Quraysh. His followers were also ...
Muhammad set out towards Mecca at the head of an army consisting of ten thousand soldiers on the tenth day of the month of Ramadan. This was the largest Muslim force ever assembled as of that time. [6] Muhammad appointed Abu Ruhm Al-Ghifari as the custodian of the affairs of Medina during his absence. [6]
The first city converted to Islam and the base for Muhammad's conquest of Arabia, Medina was the first capital of the nascent caliphate. [1] Despite the attempt to return it to Medina during the Second Fitna (680–692), the political seat of the Muslim world quickly shifted permanently away from the Hejaz, first to Damascus under the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and then to Baghdad under the ...
The first Islamic State, also known as State of Medina, [4] was the first Islamic state established by Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 under the Constitution of Medina. It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation).
The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume VIII: The Victory of Islam: Muḥammad at Medina A.D. 626–630/A.H. 5–8. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-3149-8. Goerke, Andreas (2000). "The Historical Tradition about al-Ḥudaybiya: A Study of ʿUrwa B. al-Zubayr's Account".
The Eastern Army under the command of Prince Abdullah bin Hussein would be in charge of surrounding Medina from the east. The Southern Army, commanded by Prince Ali bin Hussein, would ensure a cordon was formed around Medina from the south. The Northern Army, commanded by Prince Faisal, would form a cordon around Medina from the north.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
662 - Marwan ibn al-Hakam becomes Governor of Madina. 683 - Medina sacked by Umayyads. [9] [4] 8th century - Sharia (Islamic law) codified in Medina. [3] 706 - Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz becomes Governor of Madina. 707 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi rebuilt. [10] 763 - Medina slave rebellion. [11] 975 - City wall built. [7] 976 - Establishment of the ...