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In cryptography, a pepper is a secret added to an input such as a password during hashing with a cryptographic hash function.This value differs from a salt in that it is not stored alongside a password hash, but rather the pepper is kept separate in some other medium, such as a Hardware Security Module. [1]
Without a salt, a successful SQL injection attack may yield easily crackable passwords. Because many users re-use passwords for multiple sites, the use of a salt is an important component of overall web application security. [14] Some additional references for using a salt to secure password hashes in specific languages or libraries (PHP, the ...
To solve this problem, they use SCRAM, where Bob can store his password in a salted format, using PBKDF2. During login, Bob sends Alice his salt and the iteration count of the PBKDF2 algorithm, and then Alice uses these to calculate the hashed password that Bob has in his database. All further calculations in SCRAM base on this value which both ...
The simplest example of a challenge-response protocol is password authentication, where the challenge is asking for the password and the valid response is the correct password. An adversary who can eavesdrop on a password authentication can authenticate themselves by reusing the intercepted password. One solution is to issue multiple passwords ...
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A main encryption/decryption key is derived from user's password by PBKDF2 function. [2] Particular data binary large objects can be encrypted in a way that salt is added and/or an external user-prompted password (aka "Strong Key Protection") is required. The use of a salt is a per-implementation option – i.e. under the control of the ...
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In cryptography, scrypt (pronounced "ess crypt" [1]) is a password-based key derivation function created by Colin Percival in March 2009, originally for the Tarsnap online backup service. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The algorithm was specifically designed to make it costly to perform large-scale custom hardware attacks by requiring large amounts of memory.