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Dollar spot is the most common turfgrass disease in North America, with the exception of the Pacific Northwestern United States and Western Canada. [13] When left untreated, dollar spot can reach 90% disease severity and more money is spent per year to manage dollar spot than any other fungal disease. [12]
Symptoms can overlap across causal agents, however differing signs and symptoms of certain pathogens can lead to the diagnosis of the type of leaf spot disease. Prolonged wet and humid conditions promote leaf spot disease and most pathogens are spread by wind, splashing rain or irrigation that carry the disease to other leaves. [2]
Rhytisma acerinum is a plant pathogen that commonly affects sycamores and maples in late summer and autumn, causing tar spot. Tar spot does not usually have an adverse effect on the trees' long-term health. [1] R. acerinum is an Ascomycete fungus that locally infects the leaves of trees and is a biotrophic parasite. [2]
Epicoccum sorghinum (former Phoma sorghina) is an ascomycete fungus with known plant pathogenicity to sugarcane and rice, causing ring spot disease and leaf spot disease.This fungus is primarily known for its production of tenuazonic acid, which leads to complications with growth and causes the symptoms of leaf spot disease.
Cercospora is a genus of ascomycete fungi. Most species have no known sexual stage, and when the sexual stage is identified, it is in the genus Mycosphaerella. [2] Most species of this genus cause plant diseases, and form leaf spots.
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Sigatoka leaf spot disease (SD) is a disease of bananas and is caused by the ascomycetous fungus, Mycosphaerella musicola.This pathogen can be distinguished morphologically from Mycosphaerella fijiensis, which causes black leaf streak disease (BLSD), by the characteristics of the conidia and conidiophore.