Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The Duane–Hunt law, named after the American physicists William Duane and Franklin L. Hunt, [1] gives the maximum frequency of X-rays that can be emitted by Bremsstrahlung in an X-ray tube by accelerating electrons through an excitation voltage V into a metal target. The maximum frequency ν max is given by [2]
A list of experimentally found and theoretically calculated X-ray transition energies is available at NIST. [8] Nowadays, theoretical energies are computed with much greater accuracy than Moseley's law allows, using modern computational models such as the Dirac–Fock method (the Hartree–Fock method with the relativistic effects accounted for).
The Rule of Four is a novel written by the American authors Ian Caldwell and Dustin Thomason, and published in 2004. Caldwell, a Princeton University graduate, and Thomason, a Harvard College graduate, are childhood friends who wrote the book after their graduations.
[1] The "Rule of Four" has been explained by various Justices in judicial opinions throughout the years. [2] For example, Justice Felix Frankfurter described the rule as follows: "The 'rule of four' is not a command of Congress. It is a working rule devised by the Court as a practical mode of determining that a case is deserving of review, the ...
William Lawrence Bragg proposed a model in which the incoming X-rays are scattered specularly (mirror-like) from each plane; from that assumption, X-rays scattered from adjacent planes will combine constructively (constructive interference) when the angle θ between the plane and the X-ray results in a path-length difference that is an integer ...
X-ray notation is a method of labeling atomic orbitals that grew out of X-ray science. Also known as IUPAC notation, it was adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in 1991 as a simplification of the older Siegbahn notation. [1] In X-ray notation, every principal quantum number is given a letter associated with it.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely used technique for determining the local geometric and/or electronic structure of matter. [1] The experiment is usually performed at synchrotron radiation facilities, which provide intense and tunable X-ray beams. Samples can be in the gas phase, solutions, or solids. [2]
Originally, POV-Ray was distributed under its own POV-Ray License; namely, the POV-Ray 3.6 Distribution License [17] and the POV-Ray 3.6 Source License, [18] which permitted free distribution of the program source code and binaries, while restricting commercial distribution and the creation of derivative works other than fully functional ...