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Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) [b] was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last monarch of the House of Tudor . Elizabeth was the only surviving child of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn .
The Protestant-minded Elizabeth outwardly conformed with Mary, but became the focus of opposition to the increasingly unpopular government. Mary became ill in May 1558 and formally recognised Elizabeth as her heir presumptive on 6 November. Elizabeth was at Hatfield House to the north of London when she was informed of Mary's death on 17 ...
The Queen's marital status was a major political and diplomatic topic. It also entered into the popular culture. Elizabeth's unmarried status inspired a cult of virginity. In poetry and portraiture, she was depicted as a virgin or a goddess or both, not as a normal woman. [67]
8 September – Essex in Ireland: Essex signs a truce with Hugh O'Neill. He leaves Ireland against the instructions of Queen Elizabeth. [1] 28 September – Essex returns to England and is arrested. [1] Late – War of the Theatres: Satire, being prohibited in print, breaks out in the London theatres.
25 February – Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis [1] which is affixed to the door of Old St Paul's Cathedral in London on 24 May. Florentine banker Roberto di Ridolfi devises the Ridolfi plot to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots.
Mary I of England had died without managing to have her preferred successor and first cousin, Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, nominated by parliament.Margaret Douglas was a daughter of Margaret Tudor, and lived to 1578, but became a marginal figure in discussions of the succession to Elizabeth I, who at no point clarified the dynastic issues of the Tudor line. [4]
Queen Elizabeth rose to the throne at the young of 25 when her father died unexpectedly in 1952 and went on to reign for a record 70 years until her death in 2022.
The tilts combined theatrical elements with jousting, in which Elizabeth's courtiers competed to outdo each other in allegorical armour and costume, poetry, and pageantry to exalt the queen and her realm of England. [2] The last Elizabethan Accession Day tilt was held in November 1602; the queen died the following spring.