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Uncertainty in the star's surface temperature, diameter, and distance make it difficult to achieve a precise measurement of Betelgeuse's luminosity, but research from 2012 quotes a luminosity of around 126,000 L ☉, assuming a distance of 200 pc. [142] Studies since 2001 report effective temperatures ranging from 3,250 to 3,690 K.
Main-sequence stars vary in surface temperature from approximately 2,000 to 50,000 K, whereas more-evolved stars – in particular, newly-formed white dwarfs – can have surface temperatures above 100,000 K. [3] Physically, the classes indicate the temperature of the star's atmosphere and are normally listed from hottest to coldest.
Stars are classified as supergiants on the basis of their spectral luminosity class. This system uses certain diagnostic spectral lines to estimate the surface gravity of a star, hence determining its size relative to its mass. Larger stars are more luminous at a given temperature and can now be grouped into bands of differing luminosity. [2]
Betelgeuse—the star and not the slimy, suit-wearing demon—is one of the most celebrated celestial objects in the night sky. Found in the constellation Orion, Betelgeuse is extremely bright ...
One of the biggest and brightest stars in the night sky has left astronomers puzzled after it has faded dramatically over the last year. Some have speculated that this is a sign of an impending ...
Observing Betelgeuse, which is estimated to be about 10 million years old, allows astronomers to watch what happens late in the lifetime of a star. As Betelgeuse burns through fuel in its core, it ...
The temperature is normally given in terms of an effective temperature, which is the temperature of an idealized black body that radiates its energy at the same luminosity per surface area as the star. The effective temperature is only representative of the surface, as the temperature increases toward the core. [170] The temperature in the core ...
Betelgeuse is an intrinsically variable star. A variable star is a star whose brightness as seen from Earth (its apparent magnitude) changes systematically with time. This variation may be caused by a change in emitted light or by something partly blocking the light, so variable stars are classified as either: [1]