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A pelvic kidney, also known as an ectopic kidney, is a normal kidney located in the pelvis, instead of the abdomen. This occurs when a kidney does not ascend from its original location in the pelvis to its final location during prenatal development. They usually present no symptoms, but can increase risk of certain illnesses and healthcare problems
An ectopic kidney is a kidney that is not located in its usual position . This condition results from the kidney failing to ascend from its origin in the true pelvis or from a superiorly ascended kidney located in the thorax. [1] It has an incidence of approximately 1/900. [2]
Nephroptosis is rare and abnormal condition in which the kidney drops down (ptosis) into the pelvis when the patient stands up. It is more common in women than in men. It has been one of the most controversial conditions in terms of both its diagnosis and its treatments.
A hydronephrotic kidney may present as a palpable abdominal mass in the newborn, and may suggest an ectopic ureter or ureterocele. In older children, ureteral duplication may present as: [citation needed] Urinary tract infection – most commonly due to vesicoureteral reflux (flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter, rather than vice versa).
Ectopic crossed fused kidney in a fetus approx. 34 weeks. Crossed dystopia (also unilateral fusion cross fused renal ectopia) is a rare form of renal ectopia (kidney displacement) where both kidneys are on the same side of the spine. [1] In many cases, the two kidneys are fused together, yet retain their own vessels and ureters. [2]
Segmental hypoplasia or Ask-Upmark kidney is a rare renal disease where a part of the kidney has undergone hypoplasia. The number of renal lobes is reduced, and the kidney size is less than two standard deviations from the average, with the weight often being over 50g in adults and 12–25g in children.
The renal pelvis is the location of several kinds of kidney cancer and is affected by infection in pyelonephritis. [citation needed] A large "staghorn" kidney stone may block all or part of the renal pelvis. The size of the renal pelvis plays a major role in the grading of hydronephrosis.
In patients with this condition, the horseshoe kidney ascent is commonly arrested by the inferior mesenteric artery due to the central fusion of the kidneys. [10] However, this is present in only 40% of cases, and, in 20% of cases, the fused kidney remains in the pelvis. [1] Its ascension may also be restricted by its own renal artery. [11]