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Pressure bellows permit a wider range to modify the volume, depending on whether the pedaling of the bellows is faster or slower. In North America and the United Kingdom, a reed organ with pressure bellows is referred to as a harmonium, whereas in continental Europe, any reed organ is called a harmonium regardless of whether it has pressure or ...
A schematic of a typical reed pipe. A reed pipe (also referred to as a lingual pipe) is an organ pipe that is sounded by a vibrating brass strip known as a reed.Air under pressure (referred to as wind) is directed towards the reed, which vibrates at a specific pitch.
A reed is fixed by one end in a close-fitting frame. The loose end has a slight rising bend. Air depression is applied under the reed; the reed prevents air flow, except for a small, high-velocity flow at the tip. The reed is sucked through the opening, allowing the air to pass. The elasticity of the reed forces it back through the frame.
However, these free-reed organs had several ways of controlling their volume and expression. Unlike a pipe organ with a blower, the wind pressure of the reed organ can be directly controlled by varying the speed the bellows are operated with the feet, providing a means of producing softer or harsher tones.
The Indian harmonium is derived from reed organ designs developed in France. Originally, these were large instruments, designed to be played sitting on a chair, which allowed one to pump the instrument using foot pedals. [4] Over time, Europeans designed smaller harmoniums, like the guide-chant, which included manually pumped bellows. [5]
Harmonium or parlor organ: a reed instrument, usually with several stops and two foot-operated bellows. American reed organ: similar to the Harmonium, but that works on negative pressure, sucking air through the reeds. Melodeon: a reed instrument with an air reservoir and a foot-operated bellows. It was popular in the US in the mid-19th century.
Drawings of the reeds of regals and other reed pipes, as well as of the instrument itself, are given by Praetorius (pl. iv., xxxviii.). The regal may be seen as the ancestor of the harmonium, the reed organ, and the various varieties of "squeezebox" such as the accordion, the concertina, and the Bandoneón.
Cuckoo clocks use bellows to blow air through their gedackt (pipes) and imitate the call of the Common Cuckoo bird. Musical instruments may employ bellows as a substitute or regulator for air pressure provided by the human lungs: Accordion, concertina and related instruments; Reed organ; Pipe organ