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Catenulida is an order of flatworms in the classical classification, or a class of flatworms in a phylogenetic approach. [2] They are relatively small free-living flatworms, inhabiting freshwater and marine environments. There are about 100 species described worldwide, but the simple anatomy makes species distinction problematic. [2]
Free-living flatworms are mostly predators, and live in water or in shaded, humid terrestrial environments, such as leaf litter. Cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes) have complex life-cycles, with mature stages that live as parasites in the digestive systems of fish or land vertebrates , and intermediate stages that infest secondary hosts.
Rhabdocoela is an order of flatworms in the class Rhabditophora with about 1700 species described worldwide. The order was first described in 1831 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg . [ 1 ] Most of rhabdocoels are free-living organisms, but some live symbiotically with other animals.
Planarians (triclads) are free-living flatworms of the class Turbellaria, [2] [3] order Tricladida, [4] which includes hundreds of species, found in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats. [5] Planarians are characterized by a three-branched intestine, including a single anterior and two posterior branches. [5]
The brains of the free-living polyclad, Notoplana acticola, are considered true brains. [4] The body of the flatworm is bilaterally symmetrical and it involves cephalization. [4] Notoplana acticola brains are unique because of the cellular and subcellular neural components that regulate the behavior of the flatworm. [4]
Macrostomum [1] is a genus of flatworm with a worldwide distribution, [2] [3] [4] with over a hundred species described to date. [2] These hermaphroditic, free-living flatworms are usually small in size, with large species reaching up to 5 mm in body length (e.g. Macrostomum tuba). They are usually transparent, and the smaller species appear ...