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A wreath worn for purpose of attire (in English, a "chaplet"; [1] Ancient Greek: στέφανος, romanized: stéfanos, Latin: corona), [2] is a headdress or headband made of leaves, grasses, flowers or branches. It is typically worn on celebrations, festive occasions and holy days, having a long history and association with ancient pageants ...
The laurel wreaths of a triumphator were often worn by imperial portraits, as were radiate crowns. [21] According to Pliny the Elder, the Arval Brethren, an ancient Roman priesthood, were accustomed to wear a wreath of grain sheaves. [22] Crowns and wreaths were associated by early Christians with Roman paganism and Hellenistic religion. [21]
Bust of an empress, possibly Vibia Sabina, wearing a stephane, c. AD 134 –147. A stephane (ancient Greek στέφανος, from στέφω (stéphō, “I encircle”), Lat. Stephanus = wreath, decorative wreath worn on the head; crown) was a decorative headband or circlet made of metal, often seen on depictions of high-status ancient Roman and Greek women, [1] [2] [3] as well as goddesses. [4]
Wreaths and crowns in antiquity, including the laurel wreath, trace back to Ancient Greece. In Greek mythology , the god Apollo , who is patron of lyrical poetry , musical performance [ a ] and skill-based athletics, is conventionally depicted wearing a laurel wreath on his head in all three roles.
The wreaths were made of gold foil, they were created to be buried with the dead but too fragile to be worn for everyday attire. [5] The myrtle leaves and blossoms on the myrtle wreath were cut from thin sheets of gold, stamped and incised details, and then wired onto the stems. [6] Many that survive today were found in graves.
It was called "tears of Isis" in ancient Egypt, and later called "Hera's tears". In ancient Greece it was dedicated to Eos Erigineia. In the early Christian era, folk legend stated that V. officinalis was used to staunch Jesus' wounds after his removal from the cross. It was consequently called "holy herb" or (e.g. in Wales) "Devil's bane".
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In some societies, it may be a wreath worn around the head. The ancient Persians wore a high and erect royal tiara encircled with a diadem. Hera, queen of the Greek gods, wore a golden crown called the diadem. The "Priest King" statue made by the Indus Valley civilization (c. 3300 – c. 1300 BCE) wore a headband that is possibly a diadem.