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Further information: Thyroid function tests. Triiodothyronine (T 3) and thyroxine (T 4) can be measured as free T 3 and free T 4, which are indicators of their activities in the body. [73] They can also be measured as total T 3 and total T 4, which depend on the amount that is bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). [73]
Triiodothyronine, also known as T 3, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. [1] Production of T 3 and its prohormone thyroxine (T 4) is activated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH
It is the primary form of thyroid hormone found in the blood and acts as a prohormone of the more active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T 3). [1] Thyroxine and its active metabolites are essential for regulating metabolic rate, supporting heart and muscle function, promoting brain development, and maintaining bone health. [2] [3]
The Free Thyroxine Index (FTI or T7) is obtained by multiplying the total T 4 with T 3 uptake. [2] FTI is considered to be a more reliable indicator of thyroid status in the presence of abnormalities in plasma protein binding. [2] This test is rarely used now that reliable free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine assays are routinely available.
The primary function of the thyroid is the production of the iodine-containing thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T 3) and thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T 4) and the peptide hormone calcitonin. [24] The thyroid hormones are created from iodine and tyrosine.
TSH (with a half-life of about an hour) stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the hormone thyroxine (T 4), which has only a slight effect on metabolism. T 4 is converted to triiodothyronine (T 3), which is the active hormone that stimulates metabolism. About 80% of this conversion is in the liver and other organs, and 20% in the thyroid itself.