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In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum, natural gas and coal, or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. Petroleum is the dominant raw-material source for organic commodity chemicals such as solvents and polymers.
Isoprenes in animals form the important steroid structural (cholesterol) and steroid hormone compounds; and in plants form terpenes, terpenoids, some alkaloids, and a class of hydrocarbons called biopolymer polyisoprenoids present in the latex of various species of plants, which is the basis for making rubber. Biologists usually classify the ...
Alkenes cause instability of hydrocarbon fuels. [9] Fluid catalytic cracking is a commonly used process, and a modern oil refinery will typically include a cat cracker, particularly at refineries in the US, due to the high demand for gasoline. [10] [11] [12] The process was first used around 1942 and employs a powdered catalyst. During WWII ...
Unbranched, saturated hydrocarbon chains are named systematically with a Greek numerical prefix denoting the number of carbons and the suffix "-ane". [ 5 ] In 1866, August Wilhelm von Hofmann suggested systematizing nomenclature by using the whole sequence of vowels a, e, i, o and u to create suffixes -ane, -ene, -ine (or -yne), -one, -une, for ...
Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (), or unsaturated, with double bonds or triple bonds ().If other elements (heteroatoms) are bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound.
Paraffinic hydrocarbons are part of the alkane series, [10] and are the most common hydrocarbon found in crude oil. [11] Paraffins are often a part of gasoline, making them comparatively more valuable. [11] Paraffinic hydrocarbons are also known as alkanes, and are represented by the formula C n H 2n+2, where n is a positive integer. [12]
Petroleum consists of a variety of liquid, gaseous, and solid components. Lighter hydrocarbons are the gases methane, ethane, propane and butane. Otherwise, the bulk of the liquid and solids are largely heavier organic compounds, often hydrocarbons (C and H only). The proportion of light hydrocarbons in the petroleum mixture varies among oil ...
1.122 064 990 122 11 × 10 37: C 82 H 166: n-dooctacontane 83 2.150 278 094 747 97 × 10 32: 3.578 584 997 560 67 × 10 37: C 83 H 168: n-trioctacontane 84 5.875 317 238 265 77 × 10 32: 1.141 724 657 744 27 × 10 38: C 84 H 170: n-tetraoctacontane 85 1.605 913 778 494 71 × 10 33: 3.643 883 155 873 11 × 10 38: C 85 H 172: n-pentaoctacontane ...