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The pastoral epistles are a group of three books of the canonical New Testament: the First Epistle to Timothy (1 Timothy), the Second Epistle to Timothy (2 Timothy), and the Epistle to Titus. They are presented as letters from Paul the Apostle to Timothy and to Titus .
The First Epistle to Timothy [a] is one of three letters in the New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the pastoral epistles, along with Second Timothy and Titus. The letter, traditionally attributed to the Apostle Paul , consists mainly of counsels to his younger colleague and delegate Timothy regarding his ministry in Ephesus (1:3).
The placement of Hebrews among the Pauline epistles is less consistent in the manuscripts: between Romans and 1 Corinthians (i.e., in order by length without splitting the Epistles to the Corinthians): Papyrus 46 and minuscules 103, 455, 1961, 1964, 1977, 1994. between 2 Corinthians and Galatians: minuscules 1930, 1978, and 2248
While many scholars uphold the traditional view, some question whether the first three, called the "Deutero-Pauline Epistles", are authentic letters of Paul. As for the latter three, the "Pastoral epistles", some scholars uphold the traditional view of these as the genuine writings of the Apostle Paul; [h] most regard them as pseudepigrapha. [100]
Titus, along with the two other pastoral epistles (1 Timothy and 2 Timothy), is regarded by some scholars as being pseudepigraphical. [9] On the basis of the language and content of the pastoral epistles, these scholars reject that they were written by Paul and believe that they were written by an anonymous forger after his death.
Timothy or Timothy of Ephesus (Greek: Τιμόθεος, Timótheos, meaning "honouring God" or "honoured by God" [8]) was an early Christian evangelist and the first Christian bishop of Ephesus, [9] who tradition relates died around the year AD 97.
He includes ten epistles by Paul, omitting the Pastoral Epistles (Titus, 1 and 2 Timothy), as well as To the Hebrews. The Muratorian fragment (c. 140) accepts all Pauline epistles as authentic, but does not mention the Epistle to the Hebrews and rejects the Epistle to the Laodiceans and the Epistle to the Alexandrians as spurious.
Papyrus 124 contains a fragment of 2 Corinthians (6th century AD). The Second Epistle to the Corinthians [a] is a Pauline epistle of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.The epistle is attributed to Paul the Apostle and a co-author named Timothy, and is addressed to the church in Corinth and Christians in the surrounding province of Achaea, in modern-day Greece. [3]