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A bus, powered by wood gas generated by a gasifier on a trailer, Leeds, England, c. 1943. The first wood gasifier was apparently built by Gustav Bischof in 1839. The first vehicle powered by wood gas was built by T.H. Parker in 1901. [2] Around 1900, many cities delivered fuel gases (centrally produced, typically from coal) to residences.
This project was an electric power plant with a wood gas generator and a gas engine to convert the wood gas into 2 MW electric power and 4.5 MW heat. There was also an experimental device to use the Fischer–Tropsch process to convert wood gas to a diesel-like fuel. By October 2005, it was possible to convert 5 kg of wood into 1 litre of fuel.
Use of wood heat declined in popularity with the growing availability of other, less labor-intensive fuels. Wood heat was gradually replaced by coal and later by fuel oil, natural gas and propane heating except in rural areas with available forests. After the 1967 Oil Embargo, many people in the United States used wood as fuel for the first ...
During both world wars, especially the World War II, the need for fuel produced by gasification reemerged due to the shortage of petroleum. [9] Wood gas generators, called Gasogene or Gazogène, were used to power motor vehicles in Europe. By 1945 there were trucks, buses and agricultural machines that were powered by gasification.
A wood gas generator's primary function is to transform wood or charcoal into a fuel-grade gas that may be burned. Wood gas, often referred to as syngas, is a type of fuel that is used to power internal combustion engines. It is composed of several atmospheric gases such nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and trace amounts of methane.
The oldest type, introduced in 1798 by Murdoch, et al.; when the term "manufactured gas" or "town gas" is used without qualifiers, it generally refers to coal gas. Substantially greater illuminant yield with use of special "cannel coal", which may be modern oil shale, richer in hydrocarbons than most regular gas coal (bituminous coal). Wood gas
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