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Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu 2 CO 3 (OH) 2.This opaque, green-banded mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, and most often forms botryoidal, fibrous, or stalagmitic masses, in fractures and deep, underground spaces, where the water table and hydrothermal fluids provide the means for chemical precipitation.
Both malachite and azurite, as well as synthetic basic copper carbonate have been used as pigments. [10] One example of the use of both azurite and its artificial form blue verditer [ 11 ] is the portrait of the family of Balthasar Gerbier by Peter Paul Rubens . [ 12 ]
In 1960, C. W. F. T. Pistorius claimed synthesis by heating basic copper carbonate at 180 °C in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide (450 atm) and water (50 atm) for 36 hours. The bulk of the products was well-crystallized malachite Cu 2 CO 3 (OH) 2, but a small yield of a rhombohedral substance was also obtained, claimed to be CuCO 3. [6]
Pseudomalachite is a phosphate of copper with hydroxyl, named from the Greek for "false" and "malachite", because of its similarity in appearance to the carbonate mineral malachite, Cu 2 (CO 3)(OH) 2. Both are green coloured secondary minerals found in oxidised zones of copper deposits, often associated with each other.
Malachite green is also used in endospore staining, since it can directly stain endospores within bacterial cells; here a safranin counterstain is often used. Malachite green is a part of Alexander's pollen stain. Malachite green can also be used as a saturable absorber in dye lasers, or as a pH indicator between pH 0.2–1.8. However, this use ...
Azurite is unstable in open air compared to malachite, and often is pseudomorphically replaced by malachite. This weathering process involves the replacement of some of the carbon dioxide (CO 2) units with water (H 2 O), changing the carbonate:hydroxide ratio of azurite from 1:1 to the 1:2 ratio of malachite: [8]
Malachite, a common ore of copper is primarily copper carbonate hydroxide Cu 2 (CO 3)(OH) 2. [2] This mineral undergoes thermal decomposition to 2CuO, CO 2 , and H 2 O [ 3 ] in several stages between 250 °C and 350 °C.
Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu 2 CO 3 (OH) 2. This opaque, green-banded mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system , and most often forms botryoidal , fibrous, or stalagmitic masses, in fractures and deep, underground spaces, where the water table and hydrothermal fluids provide the means for ...