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Escalation is the process of increasing or rising, derived from the concept of an escalator. Specific uses of the term include: Cost escalation, an increase in the price of goods; Conflict escalation, an increase in the intensity of a conflict; Escalation hypothesis, a theory in evolutionary biology; Escalation of commitment, an aspect of game ...
Conflict escalation is the process by which conflicts grow in severity or scale over time. That may refer to conflicts between individuals or groups in interpersonal relationships, or it may refer to the escalation of hostilities in a political or military context. In systems theory, the process of conflict escalation is modeled by positive ...
Escalation dominance refers to a nation's ability to control the escalation ladder in a conflict, ensuring that it can escalate or de-escalate the situation to its ...
Models of escalation in conflicts are the Friedrich Glasl's model of conflict escalation, [2] the conflict curve by Michael S. Lund [25] [26] [27] and the hourglass model by Oliver Ramsbotham. [ 25 ] [ 28 ] When an escalation is initiated by one party there often is a sequence of escalation behaviour: requests , demands , angry remarks ...
De-escalation refers to the methods and actions taken to decrease the severity of a conflict, whether of physical, verbal or another nature. It is the opposite of escalation . De-escalation may also refer to approaches in conflict resolution , by which specific measures are taken to avoid behaviours that escalate conflict.
Friedrich Glasl's model of conflict escalation [1] assists in the analysis of conflicts. Appropriate reactions can be derived from this analysis. The model has nine stages – in contrast to the earlier model of Kurt R. Spillmann, [2] which describes five distinct stages of escalation. These stages are grouped into three levels, which each ...
Cost escalation can be defined as changes in the cost or price of specific goods or services in a given economy over a period. This is similar to the concepts of inflation and deflation except that escalation is specific to an item or class of items (not as general in nature), it is often not primarily driven by changes in the money supply, and it tends to be less sustained.
Escalation of commitment is a human behavior pattern in which an individual or group facing increasingly negative outcomes from a decision, action, or investment nevertheless continue the behavior instead of altering course. The actor maintains behaviors that are irrational, but align with previous decisions and actions.