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Surgical embolectomy for massive pulmonary embolism (PE) has become a rare procedure and is often viewed as a last resort. Thrombolytic therapy has become the treatment of choice. [1] Surgical or catheter embolectomy is a procedure performed in patients with pulmonary embolism, which is a blockage of an artery in the lung caused by a blood clot.
Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter is a device developed in 1961 by Dr. Thomas J. Fogarty to remove fresh emboli in the arterial system. [1] It consists of a hollow tube with an inflatable balloon attached to its tip. The catheter is inserted into the blood vessel through a clot.
In 1969, Fogarty patented his device, and Edwards Life Sciences from Irvine, California, was assigned the patent to begin manufacturing the Fogarty embolectomy catheter. Because of the decreased risk associated with the device, Fogarty's balloon catheter became the industry standard and remains the most widely used catheter for blood-clot removal.
An embolectomy is a procedure conducted when a blockage moves from its original site to another place in the body, thus forming an embolus. There are two methods of performing embolectomy. [15] The first method is catheter embolectomy, which involves the insertion of a catheter into the affected artery and the subsequent removal of the embolus.
Embolectomy, to remove the embolus, with various techniques available: Thromboaspiration [2] Angioplasty with balloon catheterization with or without implanting a stent [1] [2] Balloon catheterization or open embolectomy surgery reduces mortality by nearly 50% [1] and the need for limb amputation by approximately 35%. [1]
Embolization refers to the passage and lodging of an embolus within the bloodstream. It may be of natural origin (pathological), in which sense it is also called embolism, for example a pulmonary embolism; or it may be artificially induced (therapeutic), as a hemostatic treatment for bleeding or as a treatment for some types of cancer by deliberately blocking blood vessels to starve the tumor ...
In order for an embolus to become a paradoxical embolus it must traverse from venous circulation, in the veins, to arterial circulation, in the arteries. There are many routes in which an embolism can traverse from the right (venous) side of the heart to the left (arterial) side of the heart.
This, in fact, is the ratio of re-hemoptysis mechanism occurring in 9.6% cases in 1 year, and in 14.1% of those in 2 years. [18] Recanalization was the main cause of re-hemoptysis, and the suppression of new hemoptysis-related vessels, which is the second cause, cannot be controlled by the BAE procedure itself.