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Pancreatic enzymes, also known as pancreases or pancrelipase and pancreatin, are commercial mixtures of amylase, lipase, protease and lactase. [3] [4] They are used to treat malabsorption syndrome due to certain pancreatic problems. [3]
Lactase (EC 3.2.1.108) is an enzyme produced by many organisms and is essential to the complete digestion of whole milk. It breaks down the sugar lactose into its component parts, galactose and glucose .
When lactose intolerance is due to secondary lactase deficiency, treatment of the underlying disease may allow lactase activity to return to normal levels. [6] In people with celiac disease, lactose intolerance normally reverts or improves several months after starting a gluten-free diet , but temporary dietary restriction of lactose may be needed.
In early 1991, Kligerman licensed the Lactaid brand (note the change of capitalization) to McNeil. Johnson & Johnson "poured millions into slick packaging and advertising," and turned Lactaid into its fastest-growing brand during the 1990s. [3] In 1993, McNeil Medical Products merged with Ortho Pharmaceutical to form Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical.
After a time, certain colonies began to grow. However, the EbgA protein is an ineffective lactase and does not allow growth on lactose. Two classes of single point mutations dramatically improve the activity of ebg enzyme toward lactose. [24] [25] and, as a result, the mutant enzyme is able to replace the lacZ β-galactosidase. [26]
Photo of the packaging of four medicines registered in the UK, showing their Product Licence Numbers and symbols denoting if they are Prescription Only Medicine (POM) or Pharmacy Medicine (P)