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The compass in the Four Great Inventions was formerly the compass of ancient China. It is a kind of direction-indicating tool, which is widely used in navigation, field exploration and other fields. In ancient times, it had a profound influence on trade, war and cultural exchange.
Some historians suggest that the Arabs introduced the compass from China to Europe. [27] [28] Some suggested the compass was transmitted from China to Europe and the Islamic world via the Indian Ocean, [29] or was brought by the crusaders to Europe from China. [30] However, some scholars have proposed an independent European invention of the ...
English: Photo of a Chinese geomantic compass from c. 1760 taken at the National Maritime Museum, United Kingdom. (more information available on the museum website) Museum label: "The seven rings surrounding the needle are divided into segments and marked with symbols and Chinese characters.
This sub-section is about paper making; for the writing material first used in ancient Egypt, see papyrus.. Paper: Although it is recorded that the Han dynasty (202 BC – AD 220) court eunuch Cai Lun (50 AD – AD 121) invented the pulp papermaking process and established the use of new materials used in making paper, ancient padding and wrapping paper artifacts dating from the 2nd century BC ...
Using shadow clocks and the abacus (both invented in the ancient Near East before spreading to China), the Chinese were able to record observations, documenting the first recorded solar eclipse in 2137 BC, and making the first recording of any planetary grouping in 500 BC. [8] These claims, however, are highly disputed and rely on much supposition.
Children's instructive toy chariot in Chinese display at Expo 2005 in Japan. The invention of the south-pointing chariot also made its way to Japan by the 7th century. The Nihon Shoki (The Chronicles of Japan) of 720 described the earlier Chinese Buddhist monks Zhi Yu and Zhi You constructing several south-pointing Chariots for Emperor Tenji of Japan in 658. [9]
Among the Four Great Inventions, the magnetic compass was first invented as a device for divination as early as the Chinese Han dynasty (since c. 206 BC), [1] [2] and later adopted for navigation by the Song dynasty Chinese during the 11th century. [3] [4] [5] The first usage of a compass recorded in Western Europe and the Islamic world ...
Model of a Chinese compass from the Hong Kong Space Museum. In the 3rd century, the Chinese engineer Ma Jun invented the south-pointing chariot.This was a wheeled vehicle that employed differential gearing in order to lock a figurine of an immortal in place on the end of a long wooden staff, the figure having its arm stretched out and always pointing to the southern cardinal direction.