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There has been significant controversy in the academic community about the heritability of IQ since research on the issue began in the late nineteenth century. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Intelligence in the normal range is a polygenic trait , meaning that it is influenced by more than one gene, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and in the case of intelligence at least 500 genes. [ 5 ]
After he died it became evident that his research on twins separated at birth was based on falsified data. Sir Cyril Lodowic Burt, FBA (3 March 1883 – 10 October 1971) was an English educational psychologist and geneticist who also made contributions to statistics. He is known for his studies on the heritability of IQ.
Arthur Robert Jensen (August 24, 1923 – October 22, 2012) was an American psychologist and writer. He was a professor of educational psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. [1][2] Jensen was known for his work in psychometrics and differential psychology, the study of how and why individuals differ behaviorally from one another.
Richard Solomon. Leon J. Kamin (December 29, 1927 – December 22, 2017) [1] was an American psychologist known for his contributions to learning theory and his critique of estimates of the heritability of IQ. He studied under Richard Solomon at Harvard and contributed several important ideas about conditioning, including the "blocking effect".
An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardised tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. [1] The abbreviation "IQ" was coined by the psychologist William Stern for the German term Intelligenzquotient, his term for a scoring method for intelligence tests at University of Breslau he advocated in a 1912 book.
The history of the race and intelligence controversy concerns the historical development of a debate about possible explanations of group differences encountered in the study of race and intelligence. Since the beginning of IQ testing around the time of World War I, there have been observed differences between the average scores of different ...
Scarr–Rowe effect. In behavioral genetics, the Scarr–Rowe effect, also known as the Scarr–Rowe hypothesis, refers to the proposed moderating effect of low socioeconomic status on the heritability of children's IQ. According to this hypothesis, lower socioeconomic status and greater exposure to social disadvantage during childhood leads to ...
Flynn effect. The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century, named after researcher James Flynn (1934–2020). [1][2] When intelligence quotient (IQ) tests are initially standardized using a sample of ...