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Erythropoietin (/ ɪ ˌ r ɪ θ r oʊ ˈ p ɔɪ. ɪ t ɪ n,-r ə-,-p ɔɪ ˈ ɛ t ɪ n,-ˈ iː t ɪ n /; [1] [2] [3] EPO), also known as erythropoetin, haematopoietin, or haemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted mainly by the kidneys in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) are medications which stimulate the bone marrow to make red blood cells. [ 1 ] They are used to treat anemia due to end stage kidney disease, chemotherapy, major surgery, or certain treatments in HIV/AIDS. [ 1 ][ 2 ] In these situations they decrease the need for blood transfusions. [ 2 ]
Erythropoietin is produced in the kidney and liver in response to low oxygen levels. In addition, erythropoietin is bound by circulating red blood cells; low circulating numbers lead to a relatively high level of unbound erythropoietin, which stimulates production in the bone marrow.
Epoetin alfa. Epoetin alfa, sold under the brand name Epogen among others, is a human erythropoietin produced in cell culture using recombinant DNA technology. [8][9] Epoetin alfa is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent. [8] It stimulates erythropoiesis (increasing red blood cell levels) and is used to treat anemia, commonly associated with ...
The production of red blood cells (or erythropoeisis) in the body is regulated by erythropoietin, which is a protein produced by the kidneys in response to poor oxygen delivery. [14] As a result, more erythropoeitin is produced to encourage red blood cell production and increase oxygen-carrying capacity.
Erythropoietin is a sialoglycoprotein hormone produced by peritubular cells of kidney. Granulocyte -macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte CSF are given to stimulate white blood cell formation in cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy , which tends to kill their red bone marrow cells as well as the cancer cells.
A hematinic is a nutrient required for the formation of blood cells in the process of hematopoiesis. [1] The main hematinics are iron, Vitamin B 12, and folate. [2] Deficiency in hematinics can lead to anaemia. In cases of hematinic deficiency, hematinics can be administered as medicines, in order to increase the hemoglobin content of the blood.
Epidermal growth factor. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor, EGFR. Human EGF is 6-k Da [5] and has 53 amino acid residues and three intramolecular disulfide bonds. [6]