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Anaximander. The main features of Archaic Greek cosmology are shared with those found in ancient near eastern cosmology.They include (a flat) earth, a heaven (firmament) where the sun, moon, and stars are located, an outer ocean surrounding the inhabited human realm, and the netherworld (), the first three of which corresponded to the gods Ouranos, Gaia, and Oceanus (or Pontos).
The Antikythera mechanism, an ancient Greek astronomical observational device for calculating the movements of the Sun and the Moon, possibly the planets, dates from about 150–100 BC, and was the first ancestor of an astronomical computer. It was discovered in an ancient shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete.
Classical antiquity is traditionally defined as the period between the 8th century BC (beginning of Archaic Greece) and the 6th century AD (after which there was medieval science). It is typically limited geographically to the Greco-Roman West, Mediterranean basin, and Ancient Near East, thus excluding traditions of science in the ancient world ...
Thales of Miletus. Thales of Miletus (/ ˈθeɪliːz / THAY-leez; Greek: Θαλῆς; c. 626/623 – c. 548/545 BC) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor. Thales was one of the Seven Sages, founding figures of Ancient Greece.
Babylonian astronomy was "the first and highly successful attempt at giving a refined mathematical description of astronomical phenomena." [2] According to the historian Asger Aaboe, "all subsequent varieties of scientific astronomy, in the Hellenistic world, in India, in Islam, and in the West—if not indeed all subsequent endeavour in the exact sciences—depend upon Babylonian astronomy in ...
Archytas (/ ˈɑːrkɪtəs /; Greek: Ἀρχύτας; 435/410–360/350 BC [2]) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, music theorist, [3] statesman, and strategist from the ancient city of Taras (Tarentum) in Southern Italy. He was a scientist and philosopher affiliated with the Pythagorean school and famous for being the reputed founder of ...
The cosmos (Ancient Greek: κόσμος, romanized: Kósmos, / ˈ k ɒ z m ɒ s /, US also /-m oʊ s,-m ə s /) [1] is an alternative name for the universe or its nature or order. Usage of the word cosmos implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity.
Early Greek cosmology refers to beliefs about the structure (cosmography) and origins (cosmogony) of the cosmos (Greek kosmos) primarily from the 8th to 5th centuries BC before it was superseded by ancient Greek astronomy, which was demythologized and involved the systematic study of the world. The main features of early Greek cosmography are ...